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This book argues that Western philosophy's traditional understanding of Being as substance is incorrect, and demonstrates that Being is fundamentally Relationality. To make that argument, the book examines the history of Western philosophy's evolving conception of being, and shows how this tradition has been dominated by an Aristotelian understanding of substance and his corresponding understanding of relation. First, the book establishes that the original concept of Being in ancient Western philosophy was relational, and traces this relational understanding of Being through the Neoplatonists. Then, it follows the substantial understanding of Being through Aristotle and the Scholastics to reach its crisis in Descartes. Finally, the book demonstrates that Heidegger represents a recovery of the original, relational understanding of Being.

Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- filosofie --- existentialisme --- metafysica --- oudheid --- Phenomenology. --- Ontology. --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Ancient Philosophy / Classical Philosophy.

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This monograph presents Azzouni’s new approach to the rule-following paradox. His solution leaves intact an isolated individual’s capacity to follow rules, and it simultaneously avoids replacing the truth conditions for meaning-talk with mere assertability conditions for that talk. Kripke’s influential version of Wittgenstein’s rule-following paradox—and Wittgenstein’s views more generally—on the contrary, make rule-following practices and assertions about those practices subject to community norms without which they lose their cogency. Azzouni summarizes and develops Kripke’s original version of Wittgenstein’s rule-following paradox to make salient the linchpin assumptions of the paradox. By doing so, Azzouni reveals how compelling Kripke’s earlier work on the paradox was. Objections raised over the years by Fodor, Forbes Ginsborg, Goldfarb, Tait, Wright, and many others, are all shown to fail. No straight solution (a solution that denies an assumption of the paradox) can be made to work. Azzouni illustrates this in detail by showing that a popular family of straight solutions due to Lewis and refined by Williams, “reference magnetism,” fail as well. And yet an overlooked sceptical solution is still available in logical space. Azzouni describes a series of “disposition-meaning” private languages that he shows can be successfully used by a population of speakers to communicate with one another despite their ideolectical character. The same sorts of languages enable solitary “Robinson Crusoes” to survive and flourish in their island habitats. These languages—sufficiently refined—have the same properties normal human languages have; and this is the key to solving the rule-following paradox without sacrificing the individual’s authority over her self-imposed rules or her ability to follow those rules. Azzouni concludes this unusual monograph by uncovering a striking resemblance between the rule-following paradox and Hume’s problem of induction: he shows the rule-following paradox to be a corollary of Hume’s problem that arises when the problem of induction is applied to an individual’s own abilities to follow rules. Depressing ly well-argued.

Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy of language --- Linguistics --- filosofie --- linguïstiek --- taalfilosofie --- metafysica --- Language and languages --- Ontology. --- Metaphysics. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Philosophy.

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This book offers a comprehensive update on the scientific realism debate, enabling readers to gain a novel appreciation of the role of objectivity and truth in science and to understand fully the various ways in which antirealist conceptions have been subjected to challenge over recent decades. Authoritative representatives of different philosophical traditions explain their perspectives on the meaning and validity of scientific realism and describe the strategies being adopted to counter persisting antirealist positions. The coverage extends beyond the usual discussion of realism within the context of the natural sciences, and especially physics, to encompass also its applicability in mathematics, logic, and the human sciences. The book will appeal to all with an interest in the recent realist epistemologies of science, the nature of current philosophical debate, and the ongoing rehabilitation of truth as the legitimate goal of scientific research.

Metaphysics --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- Logic --- History of physics --- epistomologie --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- kennisleer --- metafysica --- fysica --- Philosophy and science. --- Physics. --- Epistemology. --- Metaphysics. --- Ontology. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics.

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Provides a forum for the expression of views and the exchange of ideas amongst those interested in the analysis of existence from philosophical, psychological and psychotherapeutic perspectives.

Existentialism --- Psychoanalysis --- Existential psychology --- Existential psychotherapy --- Existentialism. --- Psychoanalytic Theory. --- Psychoanalytic Therapy. --- Existential psychology. --- Psychoanalysis. --- Psychoanalytic Therapy, Balint --- Psychoanalytical Therapy --- Therapy, Balint Psychoanalytic --- Therapy, Psychoanalytic --- Balint Psychoanalytic Therapy --- Psychoanalytic Therapies --- Psychoanalytical Therapies --- Therapies, Psychoanalytic --- Therapies, Psychoanalytical --- Therapy, Psychoanalytical --- Psychoanalytical Theory --- Theory, Psychoanalytic --- Oral Character --- Character, Oral --- Characters, Oral --- Oral Characters --- Psychoanalytic Theories --- Psychoanalytical Theories --- Theories, Psychoanalytic --- Theories, Psychoanalytical --- Theory, Psychoanalytical --- Psychology, Existential --- Existential Psychology --- Existenzphilosophie --- Psychology --- Psychology, Pathological --- Ontology --- Phenomenology --- Philosophy, Modern --- Epiphanism --- Relationism --- Self --- Phenomenological psychology --- Psychotherapy

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Leemon McHenry argues that Whitehead's metaphysics provides a more adequate basis for achieving a unification of physical theory than a traditional substance metaphysics. He investigates the influence of Maxwell's electromagnetic field, Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum mechanics on the development of the ontology of events and compares Whitehead's theory to his contemporaries, C. D. Broad and Bertrand Russell, as well as W. V. Quine. In this way, McHenry defends the naturalized and speculative approach to metaphysics as opposed to analytical and linguistic methods that arose in the 20th century.

General ethics --- Aesthetics --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Economic schools --- Burke, Edmund --- Income distribution --- Distributive justice --- Equality --- Philosophy --- Distributive justice. --- Income distribution. --- Philosophy. --- Russian literature --- Postmodernism (Literature) --- Littérature russe --- Postmodernisme (Littérature) --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- Thought and thinking --- Nancy, Jean-Luc --- Interviews --- Tyradellis, Daniel --- 1.07 --- Nancy, Jean-Luc °1940 (°Caudéron, Bordeaux, Frankrijk) --- Cultuurfilosofie --- Filosofie ; filosofen (A - Z) --- Buddhist philosophy --- Philosophical anthropology --- ethiek --- Metaphysics. --- God --- Ontology --- Philosophy of mind --- Whitehead, Alfred North, --- Political scientists --- Statesmen --- Burke, Edmund, --- Great Britain --- Politics and government --- Equality - Philosophy --- Recherche --- Sciences --- Objectivité --- Différence (philosophie) --- Metaphysics --- Science --- Objectivity. --- Social aspects.